• One and two day training courses are presented to water professionals (engineers, senior technicians and other water professionals)
• Courses can be given in-house where required
• The courses provide an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the relevant field and also include process design aspects where relevant
• The courses can be adapted to special requirements

Courses presented
• One-day Specialist and Design Course in Dissolved Air Flotation for Water & Wastewater Treatment (1 CPD point)
• Two-day Introductory Course in Membrane Technology & Application for Water & Effluent Treatment (2 CPD points)
• Two-day Course in Drinking Water Quality, Water Treatment and Sustainable Water Safety Planning & Management (2 CPD points)
• Two-day Course in Management and Treatment of Domestic & Industrial Wastewater (2 CPD points) 

Course Outlines

SPECIALIST & DESIGN COURSE IN DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION
FOR WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT (One-day course, one CPD Credit)

Objectives & outcomes of the course:

• Understanding the fundamental principles of Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)
• An understanding of when DAF should be used and when sedimentation
• Understanding the air saturation process and  bubbles in water
• Understanding the fundamental principles and issues in the Contact Zone
• Understanding the fundamental principles and issues in the Separation (flotation) Zone
• Understanding float layer removal principles
• A knowledge and ability to perform DAF process selection for various applications
• An ability to perform a design of a DAF plant

Course content:

• What is DAF
• Types of DAF
• When to use DAF and not sedimentation
• Typical applications of DAF in water and wastewater treatment
• History of DAF
• Pretreatment: Fundamentals of Coagulation & Flocculation for DAF
• Correct application of coagulation and flocculation for DAF, including special cases, such as for the removal of Fats, Oils & Greases (FOG)
• Air saturation analysis and types of air saturation systems
• Contact zone analysis and fundamental aspects of bubbles in water and bubble-floc interactions
• Separation (flotation) zone analysis
• Float layer removal principles
• Process selection for various water and wastewater sources
• Design methodology for the process design of a DAF system and examples of real-life design

DRINKING WATER QUALITY, WATER TREATMENT AND SUSTAINABLE WATER SAFETY PLANNING & MANAGEMENT

(Two days, two CPD Credits)

Objectives & outcomes of the course:

• Understanding the need for water  quality and treatment
• A knowledge of the various water sources available for purifying a source water to drinking water quality
• An understanding of the water quality parameters of these water sources preventing the safe drinking of water
• A knowledge & understanding of the various processes required to treat these sources to a potable water quality
• An understanding of the Blue Drop auditing system to assess water quality and the efficiency of the supply of a safe water to communities
• Knowledge and understanding of Water Safety Planning – from catchment to the furthest consumer
• The ability to compile a Water Safety Plan to ensure the constant supply of a safe water to all members of a community

Course content:

• The need for treating water for drinking purposes
• Water quality guidelines and SANS 241:2015
• Other water quality requirements
• Properties of most important contaminants to be removed from water to achieve potable standards
• The potential water sources for drinking water supply
• Treatment processes used for the treatment of each of these water sources to potable standards
• Selection of a suitable process or process train to treat each of these sources

Water sources covered for drinking water treatment & supply, with their typical contaminants:

• Fresh-water surface water (dams, rivers)
• Ground water (various types)
• Sea water (sea water desalination)
• Sewage effluents (water reclamation)
• Industrial water (e.g., acid mine drainage)
• Other: Atmospheric water; ice bergs

Purification Processes covered:

• Screening
• pH adjustment
• Coagulation & flocculation
• Sand filtration (slow, rapid, pressure)
• Sedimentation & Dissolved Air Flotation
• Disinfection
• Stabilization
• Adsorption
• Capacitive de-ionization
• Membrane treatment (MF, UF, NF, RO)
• Fe & Mn removal (chemical & biological)
• Ion exchange
• Advanced oxidation
• Sludge handling, thickening & drying

Processes selection guideline:

Guidelines are provided on the selection of treatment processes for each water type and pollutants required to be removed in order to attain SANS241 potable water quality.

Blue Drop principles & criteria (optional):

• The Blue-drop water quality auditing system is explained, including the evaluation criteria used, criteria weighting and scoring system

Water Safety Planning (optional):

• What is a Water Safety Plan (WSP)?
• Principles of a WSP
• What are the benefits of a WSP?
• Components & features of a WSP
• Steps & compilation of a WSP
• Example for the compilation of a complete WSP

MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER (Two days, two CDP Credits)

Objectives & outcomes of the course: Domestic Wastewater

• Understanding the need for domestic wastewater management & treatment
• Understanding the municipal by-law limitations for wastewater disposal to sewer
• Understanding the requirements &   standards for discharge to the environment
• A knowledge & understanding of the sources & characteristics of sewage effluent
• An understanding of the conveying of sewerage to the treatment plant and of the sewerage system itself
• A knowledge & understanding of the treatment of sewage effluent
• A knowledge & understanding of waste sludge handling, disposal & utilization
• A knowledge of the tertiary treatment & utilization possibilities of tertiary treated sewage effluents (such as applications for irrigation & reclamation to potable standards)
• The future: Reclamation of valuable products from sewage effluent

Objectives & outcomes of the course: Industrial Wastewater

• The need for industrial water management & treatment
• The Municipal levy system
• The various types of industrial water and effluents
• A knowledge & understanding of the various processes required to treat these sources to the required quality level
• The ability to apply the most suitable process & design concepts of the processes

Course content: Domestic Wastewater

• The need for wastewater management & treatment re. human health & the environment
• Municipal by-law requirements, limitations & levies for discharge of effluents to sewer
• Application of Govt. legislation: General & Special Standards for discharge to the environment
• The typical undesirable pollutants to remove
• Collection & conveying of sewerage and the diurnal & weekly cycles
• Stormwater management
• Characterization of sewage effluent
• The microbiology of sewage treatment
• The treatment of sewage effluents & processes normally employed (= standard sewage treatment, without nutrient removal):
  • Course screening
  • Grit removal
  • Flow equalization
  • Fat & grease removal
  • Primary settling
  • Activated sludge system (without nutrient removal)
  • Secondary settling
  • Anaerobic sludge digestion
  • Final effluent disinfection
  • Sludge handling, disposal & utilization
     
• Nutrient removal sewage treatment processes:
  • Biological nitrogen removal
  • Biological excess phosphorus removal
  • Design considerations for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal plants
     
• Treatment processes covered additionally:
  • Chemical treatment for phosphorus removal
  • Activated sludge systems using Membrane Bioreactors
  • Pond systems
  • Rotating biological contactor
  • Sequencing batch reactors
  • Trickling filters
  • Biofiltration (biotowers)
  • Reed beds
  • Other & new processes (eg Moving bed biofilm reactor…)
     
• Tertiary treatment of effluents for municipal & industrial reuse of water
• Tertiary treatment of sewage effluents for potable water supply (= “water reclamation”)
• The future of sewage effluent treatment & the reclamation of valuable by-products

Course content: Industrial Wastewater

• The need for industrial water management & treatment
• The Municipal levy system
• The various types of industrial water and effluents
• A knowledge & understanding of the various processes required to treat these sources to the required quality level
• The ability to apply the most suitable process & sizing of the selected process
• Processes covered for the removal of solids and suspended solids (and including fats, oil & grease)
  • Course screening
  • Flow equalization
  • pH adjustment
  • Coagulation & flocculation (including for fats, oil & greases)
  • Settling/DAF
  • Sand filtration
  • Membranes for particulates removal
     
• Removal of dissolved material
  • Removal of hardness (Nanofiltration, Reverse osmosis, Ion exchange)
  • Removal of dissolved metals, salts and low concentrations of unwanted organic pollutants (pH elevation and precipitation, Activated carbon, Ion exchange (IX), reverse osmosis (RO)
     
• Removal of high COD (high biological content):
  • Anaerobic ponds
  • Aerobic ponds
  • Physico-chemical processes (coagulation, flocculation and settling/DAF)
  • Anaerobic systems (standard, UASB)
  • Biofiltration (biotowers)
  • Activated sludge systems
  • Membrane bioreactors

• Solids thickening, dewatering & drying
  • Screens
  • Gravity & DAF thickening
  • Centrifugation
  • Filter presses
  • Drying beds

MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY & APPLICATION IN WATER & EFFLUENT TREATMENT (Two days, two CPD Credits)

Objectives & outcomes of the course:

• Understanding membranes, their structure, properties and capabilities
• A knowledge and understanding of the various types of membranes used in water and effluent treatment
• A knowledge & understanding of the feed water quality requirements to membranes
• A knowledge & understanding of the various pre-treatment processes required to treat various raw water types before allowing these water types onto membranes
• Knowledge of the fouling potential and various fouling mechanisms of membranes, as well as various chemicals and techniques of fouling mitigation
• A knowledge of the application of membranes for the treatment of a variety of raw water types
• A knowledge of the requirements for, and processes for the handling and disposal of membrane waste streams
• A knowledge of the requirements and methods for the proper maintenance of membranes

Course content:

• What is a membrane?
• Membrane classification, types & properties
• Preparation of synthetic membranes
• Characterisation of membranes and fundamental concepts
• Module and process configuration
• Membrane processes, detailed discussion: MF, UF, NF, RO, ED & EDR, forward osmosis, membrane capacitive deionization
• Membrane fouling & cleaning
• Membrane selection and design programs
• Application of membranes:
  - Pre-treatment technologies & selection
  - Application in treating water & effluents to drinking water standards, using surface water, ground water, sea water, domestic wastewater and industrial effluent sources as feed  water
  - Application in industrial water treatment, covering various industrial effluent applications
• Example of an actual project, including pre-treatment: Reclamation of a laundry effluent
• Reject & waste management & regulation
• Operation & Maintenance aspects
• Membranes of the future: Some innovative developments